The Role Of Industrial And Organizational Psychology

Throughout the history of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, there have been many techniques and many great minds that have established ideas and methods of the human behavior in a workplace. Industrial and Organizational Psychology focuses on the values and ethics of individuals, groups, and organization behavior, then takes the knowledge that it has acquired in establishing solutions for problems at work. The solutions that have been met to be effective have been put together into a theory of the workplace and how it functions. The theories that have been thought of or brought upon to a particular issue have been verified through many case studies. For example, in a work environment, Rational Economic Theory, Self-Actualization Theory, and Social Assumption Theory are theories used by managers as a way to understand their employees and how they are false assumptions to be theories of â€Å"human nature†. There is a problem with people â€Å"perceiving themselves to b e a group†. The Rational Economic Theory, also known as Theory X, was developed and created by Douglas McGregor. The theory assumes that employees are naturally unmotivated and dislike working, and this inspires the need for high authority of management. Employees are only motivated by extrinsic and economic rewards such as receiving a raise or a bonus. The workers are seen to be lazy and inactive; as a result the organizations have to control and manipulate their employee’s goals to reflect with the organizationShow MoreRelatedIndustrial/Organizational Psychology Paper794 Words   |  4 PagesAre you fit to be an Industrial or Organizational Psychologist? Most would say yes in a heartbeat Industrial psychologists associate themselves with people in the workplace. Industrial psychology is often called personnel psychology, which is directly related to the field also known as organizational psychology. Usually industrial psychologists evaluate the differences between individual workers an d also individual jobs. Organizational psychologists normally seek the understanding of how workersRead MoreI/O Psychology Paper788 Words   |  4 PagesIndustrial/Organizational Psychology Pamela Groves PSY/435 January 7, 2012 Frank Del Grosso Jr. Industrial/Organizational Psychology The paper will examine the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology, and how industrial/organizational psychology is different from other disciplines in psychology. Industrial/organization psychology can be used in organizations and it focuses on the employees performance and how to make it better. The report will include the role of researchRead MoreThe Impact Of Applied And Behaviorist Psychology On The Field Of Psychology1327 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of Applied and Behaviorist Psychology on the Field In this paper I will discuss the impact that applied and behaviorist psychology has had on the field of psychology. J. R. Angell at the University of Chicago is possibly one of the most advanced of the functional psychologists, predicted that American psychology was prepared for better objectivity. In 1910, he stated that it is possible that the term consciousness would more than likely vanish from psychology, even more than the term soul hadRead MorePsy 435975 Words   |  4 PagesPhoenix Material Industrial/Organizational Psychology Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to examine the fundamental concepts of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answer the following questions. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. 1. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. AccordingRead MorePsychological Principles And Theories Of The Workplace Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the fastest growing fields of occupations today is Industrial an Organizational Psychology. This field continues to show the potential to grow even though it is hard for most people to find a job (â€Å"I-O a â€Å"Hot Job,† Shows Job Increases,† 2016). I/O Psychology is defined by Levy (2013) as â€Å"the application of psychological principles and theories to the workplace.† An I/O Psychologist will study the behaviors of employees and use it to help organizations to be efficient and successful. This leadsRead MoreMotivation Research : Curiosity And Career Related962 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch to a psychology graduate program. Graduate school is centered around a large-scale research project. The ability to effectively research has the potential to take me exceptionally far. In the realm of career application, research can play a role in the d ay to day assignments of and industrial-organizational psychologist, my ideal career. My primary interest in the realm of psychology is efficiency. This directly applies to industrial-organizational psychology as this area of psychology focusesRead MoreIndustrial Organizational Psychology : How Or If They Are Correctly Based On Past And Current Research1259 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Organizational psychology (I/O psychology) is the study of human behavior in the workplace or organizational settings. The study of Industrial Organizational psychology is used to conduct research in order to develop and apply solutions to conflicts in an organizational setting (Spector, 2011, p. 5). This paper will highlight topics of Industrial Organizational psychology in the film ANTZ and analyze how or if they are correctly based on past and current research used in the field. TheRead MoreEvaluating Employee Performance1277 Words   |  5 Pagesnegative attitudes because they fear losing their jobs. Some of them forget the basic organizational and personal morals because they would take any available step to ensure their job security (Armstrong Armstrong, 2012). In the human management practice, organizational commitment and job satisfaction are often connected to employee attitudes. Attitude affects job satisfaction directly. On the other hand, organizational commitment emphasizes on employee attitudes towards the overall organization. WhileRead MoreAngells Belief in Functionalism and John Watsons Belief in Behaviorism1848 Words   |  7 Pagestime and tide of that period. Psychology had been the study of mind from a very long time and was represented by the method of introspection defined as studying the mind by analyzing the thoughts. Angell’s functionalism aimed to apply psychology and its methods to real life problems however the problem with both structuralism and functionalism was that the methods were not reliable and introspection was considered to be a problem rather than a solution. Psychology could not convince people of itsRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour1633 Words   |  7 Pages2005). Organizational Behaviour Defined Behaviour on the other hand, he defines simply as â€Å"the actions of people (Robins 2005). Organization behaviour (often referred to as OB) is the behaviour (actions) of individuals and groups within organizations and the interaction between organizations and their external environment. It constitutes a behavioural science field of study that borrows its core concepts from other disciplines, principally psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology

About the Supplemental Security Income Program - SSI

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a federal government benefit program providing cash to meet basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter to persons who are blind or otherwise disabled and have little or no other income. Monthly SSI benefits are paid to persons with limited income and resources who are disabled, blind, or age 65 or older. Blind or disabled children, as well as adults, can qualify to get SSI benefits. How SSI is Different From Retirement Benefits While the SSI program is administered by the Social Security Administration, the way in which SSI benefits are administered is very different from how Social Security retirement benefits are paid. SSI benefits do not require and are not based on the recipients prior work or a family members prior work. In other words, no current or prior employment is required to qualify for SSI benefits. Unlike Social Security benefits, SSI benefits are funded by general funds from the U.S. Treasury generated by income taxes paid be individuals and corporations. Social Security taxes withheld from workers paychecks under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) do not help fund the SSI program. Total SSI funding, along with maximum monthly amounts to be paid to SSI recipients, are set annually by Congress as part of the federal budget process. SSI recipients in most states can also have their benefits supplemented by Medicaid to help pay for doctor bills, prescriptions and other health care costs. SSI beneficiaries may also be eligible for food stamps in every state except California. In some states, an application for SSI benefits also serves as an application for food stamps. Who is Eligible for SSI Benefits Anyone who is: aged (age 65 or older);blind or disabled. And, who: has limited income; andhas limited resources; andis a U.S. citizen or national, or in one of certain categories of aliens; andis not absent from the country for a full calendar month or for 30 consecutive days or more; andis not confined to an institution (such as a hospital or prison) at the governments expense; andapplies for any other cash benefits or payments for which he or she may be eligible, (for example, pensions, Social Security benefits); andgives SSA permission to contact any financial institution and request any financial records about you; andfiles an application; andmeets certain other requirements. What Does  Ã¢â‚¬ËœLimited Income’ Include? For purposes of determining SSI eligibility, Social Security counts the following as income: money you earn from work;money you receive from other sources, such as Social Security benefits, workers compensation, unemployment benefits, the Department of Veterans Affairs, friends or relatives; andfree food or shelter. What  Are ‘Limited Resources’? For purposes of determining SSI eligibility, Social Security counts the following as limited resources: cash;bank accounts, stocks, U.S. savings bonds;land and real estate;vehicles;personal property;life insurance; andanything else you own that could be converted to cash and used for food or shelter. NOTE: For complete details on the SSI program, including qualifications and how to apply for benefits, see the  Understanding Supplemental Security Income home page on the SSA website.   SSI Payment Details Amounts of SSI benefit payments are set annually by Congress and are typically adjusted every January to reflect the current cost of living.  Maximum (SSI) payment amounts increase with the cost-of-living increases (COLA) that apply to Social Security retirement benefits. Some states provide supplemental SSI benefits. SSI benefit payments are not taxable. Possible Benefit Reductions Exact benefit amounts paid to individual SSI recipients may be less than the maximum depending on non-SSI income, like wages and other Social Security benefits. Persons living in their own home, in the home of another person, or in a Medicaid-approved nursing home may also have their SSI payments reduced accordingly. The monthly amount is reduced by subtracting monthly countable income. In the case of an eligible individual with an eligible spouse, the amount payable is further divided equally between the two spouses.   Updated current maximum and average SSI payment amounts can be found on the SSI Statistics web site. SSI Work Incentive Programs Helping people with disabilities achieve independence by taking advantage of employment opportunities is one of the Social Security Administration’s highest priorities. SSI’s work incentive programs help disabled and blind SSI recipients to continue to work while minimizing the risk of losing their SSI or Medicaid benefits. Certain work incentive programs allow SSI recipients to exempt some of their work income from their list of resources. Others allow SSI recipients to continue to receive Medicaid coverage even though they are not receiving monthly SSI cash benefits. SSI recipients may be eligible to take advantage of more than one work incentive program. As with Social Security retirement benefits, working can reduce the amount of the recipient’s SSI benefit payments. Complete information on SSI work incentive opportunities can be found in the SSA’s â€Å"The Red Book - A Guide to Work Incentives.†

Essay on The Theories of Jean Piaget - 752 Words

The Theories of Jean Piaget This essay is about Jean Piagets theory. Piagets theory has two main strands: first, an account of the mechanisms by which cognitive development takes place; and second, an account of the four main stages of cognitive development through which children pass. Piaget suggested that there are four main stages in the cognitive development of children. In the first two years, children pass through a sensory-motor stage during which they progress from cognitive structures dominated by instinctual drives and undifferentiated emotions to more organized systems of concrete concepts, differentiated emotions, and their first external affective fixations. At this stage,†¦show more content†¦The two tendencies are organization, and adaption. Organization as Piaget saw it said that humans are designed to organize their observations and experiences into logical sets of meanings. This organization of observation makes the thinking process more resourceful. If a person can put the things they observe in some sort of order the easier it is to remember and apply their observations. If we did not organize our observations and experiences we would have little bits of information floating around in our brains with no connection between them. Adapt ion is according to Piagets theory is the tendency to adjust to the environment. Adaption is a process by which we create matches between our original observations and new ones that might not exactly fit together. Our original observations and conceptions are called our schemas. To adapt to new observations and experiences into our schemas we use one of two techniques. We can take in that information by putting it together with old schemas or conceptions. If the observations dont fit nicely into our existing schemas we use the second of the adaption techniques. Piaget never said that our schemas had to be right or wrong. Our schemas are based on our own observations and experiences. We adapt to things because we are driven by the urge to have things fit together or to be in what Piaget calls equilibrium. As we use our adaptionShow MoreRelatedJean Piagets Theory1170 Words   |  5 Pagesthat of Jean Piaget and his theories on the cognitive development stages. Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland, where he studied at the university and received a doctorate in biology at the age of 22. Following college he became very interested in psychology and began to research and studies of the subject. With his research Piaget created a broad theoretical system for the development of cognitive abilities. His work, in this way, was much like that of Sigmund Freud, but Piaget emphasizedRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory And Theory1673 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is a theory? A theory is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development. These are essential for developing predictions about behaviors and predictions result in research that helps to support or clarify the theory. The theorist I am choosing to talk about is Jean Piaget who discovered the cognitive development theory and who broke it down into different stages. The different stages are the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational thoughtR ead MoreJean Piaget s Theory And Theory1424 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget studied processes, and how children change with age. Piaget’s ideas are what serve as our guide to cognitive theory because of his extensive studies, and thoroughness of his work. He became the foremost expert on development of knowledge from birth to adulthood. Being that he was an expert on such a wide variety of ages shows how much studying he did in his lifetime. He studied children, and became fascinated with children’s incorrect responses. That really shows me that PiagetRead MoreJean Piaget : Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget: Theory of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget, was a trained biologist who was employed at the Binet Institute, where his main job was to develop a French version of an intelligence test. Piaget was very interested in the reason why children would give wrong answers to questions which called for some type of logical thinking. It was believed by Piaget that these wrong answers showed some very drastic differences between the way children and adults both thought ( McLeod, 2015), thisRead MoreJean Piaget s Cognitive Theory Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pages Jean Piaget is a well-renowned twentieth century scholar responsible for the development of the Cognitive Theory, focusing on how people think over time, which, in turn, reflects in how how attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are shaped. Jean Piaget observed and divided the Cognitive Theory into four periods of cognitive development, which occur in the following order: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Of the four stages, each has it’s own characteristicsRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Education Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagesgenerations have done,† (â€Å"Jean Piaget†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) a wise man once stated. In this paper we are going to go more in-depth into Jean Piaget’s life and how the work of Jean Piaget greatly influenced the field of early childhood education. This paper will include a brief summary of Jean Piaget’s life, a description of his/her major theories or ideas, and how those ideas impact early educa tion today. One question that was posed and will be touched on during my paper is the question of how Jean Piaget made it easier forRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Children1465 Words   |  6 Pagesbasis with your child will help them with their cognitive thinking. Jean PiagetÅ› developmental theory is children develop in 4 different stages from the ages birth to adulthood. Jean Piaget was born in Switzerland and was the oldest child. He was born on August 9th, 1896 and died on September 16th, 1980. Jean Piaget was a swiss psychologist who started off by becoming a well known malacologist after he finished high school. Piaget left Switzerland and moved to France because he had an interest inRead MoreJean Piaget s Theories On Learning1056 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology this semester, it has helped me learn that there are many theorists who provide their theories on learning. Certain theorists stuck out to me in which they hypothesized how educating should be brought upon or the stages that one needs to fulfill before moving on. Piaget, Vygotsky, and Maslow all address theoretical perspectives, which I believe will play a role in my teaching philosophy. Jean Piaget hypothesized that children go through a series of four stages: sensorimotor, pre-operationalRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Knowing921 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget was a developmental psychologist and philosopher from Switzerland. He is known for his epistemological studies with children. He was the first to make a systematic study of cognitive development. Piaget was also the Director of the International Bureau of Education. He was â€Å"the great pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing.† He was known as the second best psychologist after Skinner by the end of the 20th century. Throughout his career, Jean Piaget declared that â€Å"only educationRead MoreJean Piagets Theory on Child Dvevelopment974 Words   |  4 Pagesjean piagets theory on child developement Jean Paiget (1896-1980) was biologist who was originally studied molluscs. He was born in Neuchà ¢tel, Switzerland he passed away September 16th 1980. Jean Piaget’s theory as 4 developmental stages these are, * The Sensorimotor Stage (birth-2 years) * The Preoperational Stage (2-7 years) * The Concrete Operational (7-11 years) * The Formal Operational Stage (11 years plus) All of these 4 developmental stages have sub-stages for each age range

The Watergate Scandal Of President Nixon - 1317 Words

Alan Pilgreen 1. In order to accurately depict the Watergate scandal we will need to look into the history if the elements that made this event possible. In November of 1968 President Nixon was elected as president, he server from January 1969 to August 1974. President Nixon was a former Vice President to President Eisenhower from January 1953 to January 1961. In June of 1971 the New York Time began publishing documents that would be known as the Pentagon Papers. The Pentagon Papers documented the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. This published the questionable tactics and methods used by the U.S. along with many U.S. secrets to the general public. This was a great blow to the U.S. strategically and was considered to be detrimental to national security, however courts ruled that it would be unconstitutional to stop the publication of the documents. President Nixon needed to find a way to stop such leaks and a special investigative unit was created. This unit was nicknamed the Plumbers after Davi d Young’s (a member of the special investigative unit) grandmother asked what he did in the Whitehouse. Young replied that he was, â€Å"†¦helping the president stop some leaks.† and his grandmother replied, â€Å"Oh, you’re a plumber!† The name stuck and henceforth the special investigative unit was known as the Plumbers. The first task the Plumbers set out to do was to discredit Daniel Ellsberg, the person who had leaked the Pentagon Papers. In order to do this they set their sights onShow MoreRelatedPresident Nixon And The Watergate Scandal1641 Words   |  7 PagesPresident Nixon not only abused his powers as president of the United States, but he also completely disregarded the Constitution and the oath of office of the President of the United States. President Nixon is most famous for his involvement in the infamous Watergate scandal, which took place on June 17th, 1972 (Timeline). Nixon hired six burglars to break into the Democratic National Committee’s offices, which were located inside the Watergate office, complex in Washington. The burglars’ missionRead MorePresident Nixon And The Watergate Scandal1754 Words   |  8 PagesPresident Nixon and the Watergate Scandal Table of Contents Introduction †¦.. 2 Thesis Statement †¦.. 2 Who was involved in the Watergate Scandal †¦.. 3 - 4 What actually happened †¦.. 5 – 7 The events leading up to President Nixon’s impeachment †¦.. 7 – 8 The impeachment that almost occurred †¦.. 8 Conclusion †¦.. 8 What was the Watergate scandal? The Watergate scandal was where five men broke into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) at the Watergate complex in WashingtonRead MoreThe Watergate Scandal Of President Nixon1255 Words   |  6 PagesRichard Nixon was 37th President of United States from 1969 until 1974. He won second term as president in 1972 defeating George McGovern. Also, President Nixon is remembered as the first President to resign from Office after the 70s Watergate Scandal. His achievement includes forging diplomatic ties with China and Soviet Union and also withdrawing troops from war in Vietnam. But his involvement in Watergate ruined his term as President and resigned in 1974 rather than facing impeachment. UnitedRead MoreEssay on Watergate Scandal and President Nixon778 Words   |  4 Pagesthat person is Nixon. President Richard Nixon was one of the most famous presidents in the United States. He was mainly renowned for his huge role in the Watergate scandal. The Watergate scandal was important because Nixon and his cabinet arranged to get people to spy on the Democratic National Committee in the Watergate building. After it became clear Nixon was responsible, he manages to resign before he was going to be impeached. President Nixon was involved with the Watergate scandal and should beRead MorePresident Nixon s The Watergate Scandal1777 Words   |  8 Pages When placed in the overall context of President Nixon’s administration, the Watergate Scandal is perhaps less surprising due to the attitudes and actions that were present throughout his time as president. Throughout his presidency, Nixon the press as an enemy of his administration and he sought to keep many of his acti ons a secret from the American people. He strongly detested leaks from his administration as he felt that an exposure of his actions to the general public would hurt him. In orderRead MorePresident Nixon s Involvement On The Watergate Scandal Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pagesinnocence, President Nixon started creating distance between himself and those of senior authority within his administration who could be directly linked to the Watergate scandal. At this time, many of President Nixon’s aides were either being prosecuted for obstruction of justice, burglary, wiretapping, etc, or they were resigning their positions within the administration due to the overwhelming evidence that was appearing against them in relation to their criminal activities. Many of President Nixon’sRead More The Watergate Scandal and the Resignation of President Richard Nixon1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe Watergate Scandal and the Resignation of President Richard Nixon The Watergate Scandal and crisis that rocked the United States began on the early morning of June 17, 1972 with a small-scale burglary and it ended August 9, 1974 with the resignation of Republican President Richard Milhous Nixon. At approximately 2:30 in the morning of June 17, 1972, five burglars were discovered inside the Democratic National Headquarters in the Watergate office building in Washington DC. The burglars,Read MoreWatergate740 Words   |  3 PagesWatergate Lucia San Nicolas HIS/145 October 19, 2011 Marciano Flores Watergate The Watergate scandal shocked millions of Americans when it was revealed in 1972. The president at that time was Richard M. Nixon, who himself was involved within the scandal. The Watergate scandal took place in 1972 when a group of five men broke into the offices of the Democratic National Committee in the Watergate office complex in Washington. The five men involved in this burglary were eventuallyRead MoreWatergate Scandal790 Words   |  4 PagesIt was suggested that the President had tried to repair the damages that were caused the Watergate scandal in the first article. From a speech President Nixon had given, it showed that there were a lot things that still needed to be done regarding the scandal. The article stated that the officials under the Watergate scandal were cheating, lying and engaging in illegal activities while in high positions of the government. The people believed that the president did not stand up to the crisis andRead MoreEssay on All the Presidents Men - The Watergate Scandal822 Words   |  4 PagesThe book discussed what happened to President Nixon in the Watergate Scandal from Bernstein and Woodwards point of view. The Watergate Scandal was a significant part of presidential history. This even would result in Nixons resignation and what would have been his guaranteed impeachment. The Watergate Scandal took an impact on politics as a whole. Politicians are known as liars and people who keep secrets from the public. The Watergate Scandal is something Nixon can never make up for, but will always

Vietnam Is One Of The Most Famous Wars That America Has Taken Place In Essay Example For Students

Vietnam Is One Of The Most Famous Wars That America Has Taken Place In Essay . It is also considered by some to be the most controversial. Many say that America did not belong in the fight and that it was a waste of money, man-power, and time. Others say that it was important to show that the U.S. will not stand by and let a country or territory be taken in the wrong way. Vietnam lasted from 1959 to 1975. It involved the North Vietnamese and the National Liberation Front or NLF. It also included the U.S. and the South Vietnamese forces. From about 1946 to 1945 the Vietnamese had struggled for independence from the French during the first Indochina War. When the war ended the country was split into two creating North and South Vietnam. North Vietnam soon came under the control of Vietnamese Communists who really hated France and were looking to unite Vietnam under Communist rule. South Vietnam was controlled by Vietnamese leaders who favored the French. The reason that the U.S. entered the Vietnam War was fear of the Domino Effect. The Domino Effect is the term used to explain that if one country falls under Communist rule than soon after the countries in that area will soon fall also. If Vietnam became a Communist state than it was likely that more could fall also. This is also why the U.S. supported South Vietnam. The U.S. didnt send troops in until 1965. They were sent in to keep the South Vietnamese government from collapsing but in the long run they eventually failed. When Ngo Dinh Diem came into power he used very repressive measures. These measures led to growing organized opposition within South Vietnam. Another problem was that Diems government represented a small minority of Vietnamese who were mostly businessmen, Roman Catholics, large landowners, and others who were pro-French. At first the United States helped South Vietnam military advisors and financial assistance. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was what eventually gave President Linden B. Johnson permission to escalate the war in Vietnam. President Johnson felt that he had to take a forceful stance on Vietnam so that other Communist countries wouldnt think that the United States lacked resolve. Johnson also believed that the key to success was to frighten North Vietnams leaders with the possibility of full-scale United States military intervention. In January of 1964 Johnson approved of top-secret, covert attacks against North Vietnam, including commando raids against bridges, railways, and coastal installations. After reports of North Vietnamese gunboats attacking United States NAVY war ships Johnson went on air to get approval from the public of an attack on Vietnam. Soon after Congress gave Johnson the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution which gave him war-making powers until such time as peace and security had returned to Vietnam. On March 8, 1965, 3500 U.S. Marine troops landed in da Nang. Soon after about 74,000 combat troops arrived. When some of the soldiers of the U.S. 9th Marine Regiment landed in da Nang in March 1965, their orders were to protect the U.S. air base, but the mission was quickly changed to include search-and-destroy patrols of the area around base. This corresponded in miniature to the larger strategy of General William Westmoreland. Westmoreland, who took over the Military Assistance Command in Vietnam (NACV) in 1964, wanted to establish a large American force and then unleash it in big sweeps. This strategy was called attrition- eliminating or wearing down the enemy by inflicting the highest death toll possible. There were 80,000 U.S troops in Vietnam by the end of 1965, by 1969 there would be 534,000. The North Vietnamese and the NLF had anticipated the U.S. escalation. With full-scale movement of U.S. troops onto South Vietnamese territory, the Communists claimed that the Saigon regime had become a puppet, not unlike the pro-French. Both the North Vietnamese and the NLF appealed to the nationalism of the Vietnamese to rise up and drive the U.S. forced out of Vietnam. Recycling EssayIn 1967 North Vietnam and the NLF decided that it was time to go all out and do as much damages as possible to the U.S. and South Vietnamese forces. They planned what was called the Tet Offensive hoping that the casualties and destruction they were planning to inflict would alter the mood of the war in the United States. In December 1967 North Vietnamese forces attacked and surrounded a U.S. Marine base Khe Sahn. General Westmoreland ordered to have the base held at all costs. To make sure that the base wasnt taken under North Vietnam control Westmoreland dispatched 50,000 U.S. Marines to hold the base. This move weakend the line to the South and was what the NLF strategists had hoped would happen. The main force of the Tet Offensive then began January 31, 1968, at the start of Tet, the Vietnamese New Year. This was unsuspected because the U.S. thought that the fighting would stop for a few days like it normally did for celebration. Most of the South Vietnamese troop s had gone home on leave and in many areas U.S. troops were at stand-down. Almost simultaneously nearly 85,000 NLF troops attacked almost every major city and province capital across South Vietnam. Even the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, which had been thought to be invulnerable, had been taken over and held for eight hours before U.S. forces could regain control of it. It took Unites States forces three weeks to get rid of the 1000 NLF soldiers in Saigon. The bloodiest fighting of the war happened in the Imperial capital of Hue. South Vietnamese officers were assasinated for associating with American forces. After more forces arrived nearly all the NLF sympathizers were murdered. United States Marines and paratroopers were ordered to search for NLF soldiers and sympahtizers. The thing that killed the most people though was the shelling that took place upon the city. All the architecual treasures of Hue were flattened and nearly 100,000 people were left homeless. The Tet Offensive lasted untill the fall of 1968. When it was over North Vietnamese and NLF forces had suffered a small amount of losses. The U.S. Department of Defense estimated that nearly 45,000 North Vietnamese and NLF soldiers had been killed, most of the casualties were NLF soldiers. Although it was covered up for almost a year, a horrifying event struck the U.S. public. During the Tet Offensive American forces in May had destroyed and entire village called My Lai killing 500 unarmed civilians, mostly women and children. After the Tet Offensive, General Westmoreland stated that the enemy was almost defeated and requested 206,000 more troops to come in and help finish the job. The success of the NLF in the Tet Offensive affect the publics mood about the war and showed how deep the roots of Communism were in Norht Vietnam. It also showed how costly it was for America to stay in Vietnam. Many wanted closure and were hoping for withdrawl from the war. President Johnson rejected General Westmorelands request for more troops and replaced as the commander of U.S. forces in Vietnam with Westmorelands deputy, General Creighton Abrams. President Johnson also decided not to run for re-election in 1968. Republican Richard Nixon ran for president and was elected saying that he would bring peace and honor. After Vietnam many people wondered what the U.S. had accomplished. Most say that if the U.S. hadnt tried to prevent a Communist Vietnam much worse of things may have occured. Others still believe today that the Vietnam war was not Americas fight and that it was a waste of money, time, and most importantly American soldiers.

Analysing the Marketing Strategy of PepsiCo Inc Essay Example For Students

Analysing the Marketing Strategy of PepsiCo Inc Essay PepsiCo Inc. is a USA based drinks and bites company with a world-wide range. The company had a low beginning manner back in 1898 at the back office of a pharmaceutics. Today it and has diversified into other drinks like Mountain Dew and Tropicana and nutrients points like Quaker Oats and Lays potato french friess. The company has more than 285,000 people employees working in its offices and mills around the universe. Outline1 Recommended Selling Plan for PepsiCo Inc.2 Pepsi Co s Selling Scheme3 PepsiCo Promotional Campaigns4 Pepsi and the Cola Wars5 Pepsi Goes International Its Global Selling Plans6 Selling Blunders7 PepsiCo What the Future Holds8 Appendix9 Company Background Recommended Selling Plan for PepsiCo Inc. PepsiCo Inc is a planetary giant and as such its selling scheme needs to be transnational. Hence the selling scheme it needs to follow is one that has international criterions with local spirits. In short a transnational scheme. An of import point when it comes to international selling is that there need to re-evaluation of the programs from clip to clip to do alterations as per the altering international scene ( Lascu, 2003 ) . A transnational scheme can be called an evolved international scheme. The company involved demands to be ready to set non merely its merchandises but besides its patterns irrespective of the high cost to accommodate the conditions of the markets in different states ( Kotabe and Helsen, 2009 ) . However a point of note is that the differences that existed among states in their penchants of merchandises are rapidly melting off. A company now yearss can non acquire off with presenting a merchandise in a underdeveloped state a twelvemonth after it was already int roduced in developed states ( Kotabe and Helsen, 2009 ) . Due to this really ground PepsiCo demand to lodge to a form where a merchandise when introduced in the US is besides introduced in Europe and Asia. However, its advertisement scheme should be adjusted in conformity with the beliefs and patterns of different states. There can be a common implicit in message, nevertheless the words used and the scenes used demand to be altered to accommodate the state. Something that works in the USA may turn out to be violative in an Asiatic state due to the huge cultural paradoxes. To be successful, it is indispensable to hold a well drawn selling program as good. The program should get down at the market degree, so that there is a complete apprehension of the client penchants and so bit by bit come on to the corporate degree ( McDonald and Wilson, 2011 ) . This gives a worldwide program that takes into consideration the client penchants. Such a program will enable PepsiCo to convey out a market plan that would be constructions such that alterations can be made as per the demand of the really volatile market. PepsiCo will therefore be able to come out with new or modified merchandises that are liked by the clients. It will besides be able to come out with a promotional run ( that is cardinal to its success ) that will be acceptable to people of different states. A run that caters to the sentiments of the people is likely to win in most states of the universe. To increase its range, it is besides indispensable to patronize more amusement and featuring events bot h in the international every bit good as local degrees. Sponsoring Television shows or films that cater to the coevals following image that Pepsi is seeking to make would besides travel a long manner in bettering its market. It would besides better its chances of crushing its arch challenger in the Cola wars . Pepsi Co s Selling Scheme The current selling scheme adopted by PepsiCo Inc. is decidedly one that caters to its planetary standing. Since Pepsi came out at a clip when Coke or Coca Cola already had a head start in the market, its market scheme and concern program began with distinction an effort to set up its merchandise as one that is alone in gustatory sensation and quality. This attack was successful to a great extend and Pepsi was able to set up itself in the US markets. Subsequently the program shifted to comparative selling and subsequently to variegation. PepsiCo Promotional Campaigns Pepsi s promotional runs had a batch to make with its success. Pepsi s market environment ever presented it with a challenge in the signifier of Coke which had already created a niche for itself. In the 1940s to make a niche among the African American, Pepsi created a scholarship plan that awarded 17 African American high school seniors full clip scholarships ( Capparell, 2007 ) . During the same clip the ad run of Pepsi featured top people from the African American community and they called it Leader in their field run. This run was rather a discovery and truly made an impact. It opened up a whole new market section for the company. In the sixtiess, Pepsi s run was aimed at adolescents and immature grownups beach bursting of childs holding merriment and imbibing Pepsi was rather a common subject and popular excessively. It showed that Pepsi was the drink for partying and hanging out with friends, something the American young person could easy place with. The Pepsi Coevals subject became extremely popular and the drink started making a niche for itself among the immature of the state. At first it was called think immature run. This ulterior evolved into come alive in the twelvemonth 1965. This is when the term Pepsi coevals was foremost introduced to the people ( Rutherford, 1994 ) . In the 1970s Pepsi came out something called the Pepsi Challenge . This run was aimed at turn outing Pepsi as a better savoring drink than its rival Coke and involved blind tasting of the two merchandises to take the better one ( Shimp, 2010 ) . Even though this helped better the market portion of PepsiCo, Coke still led the market. Pop icons like Michael Jackson and Lionel Ritchie and youth esthesis like Michael J Fox became portion of the Pepsi runs in the 1980s where by Pepsi began to crush Coke and come out the victor ( Rutherford, 1994 ) . They had a immense fan following and when they were seen backing the trade name, the impact was instantaneous. Pepsi besides exploited celebrated films of the clip like Star Wars to better their trade name image and create involvement among the people. However, Pepsi chose to replace the Pepsi Coevals run with Got ta Have It in the beginning of the 1990s. This turned out to be an erroneous move and Coke once more started to derive market portion. How to make a Clay village EssaySelling Blunders One of the major bloopers that Pepsi did in its selling tallies is the actual interlingual renditions of some of its mottos into other linguistic communications. For illustration PepsiCo s slogan Come Alive with the Pepsi Generation when translated into Taiwanese meant Pepsi will convey your ascendants back from the dead and caused great harm for its image ( Ahlstrom and Bruton, 2010 ) . It was the perfect illustration of the incorrect market message. Similarly, the good will of the company suffered a heavy blow when its bottle cap run ( figure inside the cap and a few winning Numberss win fabulous awards ) in Chile ended in wreckage of the company. This was caused by a incorrect facsimile being sent and the incorrect figure being announced on Television ( Gillespie et al, 2011 ) . Almost a similar incident repeated in the Philippines every bit good a few months subsequently when, due to a computing machine bug, alternatively of one victor several victors were announced for the b ottle cap sweepstakes. Alternatively of larning from a blooper in one state, it was repeated in another, doing farther injury to its trade name image. A more recent selling blooper happened in the United States of America itself. In 2010, Pepsi decided non to pass large vaulting horses for patronizing the Super Bowl. The Super Bowl is a clean event in the States that is watched by about all Americans and hence its broad range is incontestable. Alternatively, it decided to make societal selling through its cyberspace based Refresh run ( Forbes, 2HYPERLINK # Owyang ndHYPERLINK # Owyang September, 2010 ) . Though the attempt was applaudable it was a major blooper. Alternatively of utilizing the Super Bowl to further give lime visible radiation to the Refresh run, it wholly missed the chance paving manner for others to do usage of the topographic point. PepsiCo What the Future Holds The hereafter of the planetary market topographic point is rather volatile. It can be said that the market topographic point will be in a changeless stage of flux. The market is in a province of turbulency where there are sudden springs and sudden falls. These springs and falls could be due to the economic conditions, political conditions or even climatic conditions. Then there are the market dazes in that are caused due to sudden rushs in engineering. The starting of Amazon, the first full graduated table online market and the debut of the iPhone, a technological wonder in the nomadic phone universe, can be considered as true illustrations of these rushs ( Kotler and Caslione, 2009 ) . With new engineerings being invented about day-to-day, the stage of selling is besides altering daily. The wireless brought our wireless jangles and sponsoring of wireless shows by companies and trade names. Similarly the innovation of Television saw Television trunkss and commercials going popular. T he cyberspace saw the coming of on-line selling and now with nomadic phones there is nomadic phone selling. PepsiCo excessively changed its selling tactics in measure with these technological alterations. Mobile phones, humanoids and thenar tops are now governing the market. Pepsi demands to come out with applications for these devices that can be downloaded and installed. Applications could include games, screen rescuers, wall documents and mp4s. In the hope of enticing in the immature, Pepsi had taken to naming in on interior decorators to come out with cool designs for its tins back in 2007. In 2010 it has started to be more socially active, giving in to the call for corporate societal duty, by conveying out the Refresh run that is aimed at charity work and societal causes. However the existent challenge of the company lies in traveling beyond the Cola and advancing its other merchandises. Its challenge besides lies in being able to get by with the altering market state of affairss and come up with promotional catchs and merchandises that would go on to keep the involvement of those already into the merchandise and that would pull the newer coevals who are ready to experiment. It needs to come with a selling scheme that would non merely assist increase its market portion in the universe market but besides enticement in more loyal clients. This would guarantee sustainability and stableness for the company and its merchandise s. Appendix Company Background Pepsi was created by chemist named Caleb Bradham. He was inspired to experiment with assorted merchandises and ingredients to make a suited summer drink that became extremely sought after manner back in the summer of 1898 ( The Pepsi Cola Story, 2005 ) . It was this summer inspiration that subsequently evolved into what we now know as Pepsi Cola. The company was launched officially in the twelvemonth 1902. The beginning of Pepsi Cola was in the back room of his pharmaceutics, but acknowledging its possible, Caleb shortly started bottling the merchandise so that people all over can bask it. As the old ages passed, Caleb started franchising the bottling of the drink to different people in different locations. Soon Pepsi Cola was being sold in 24 provinces across the United States. When World War I broke out, the company went belly-up and Caleb had to sell the hallmark to a stock agent from North Carolina. But he excessively could non resuscitate the concern. It was the confect maker, C harles G. Guth, who bought it from the old proprietor and revived it into the planetary trade name it is today. Its selling program started even when the company was in the custodies of Caleb and grew with the company. It was during World War II that the company adopted the ruddy white and bluish emblem to picture loyal America. The coloring material codification still exists today though the emblem has evolved many times. It was after 65 old ages after the sale of its first Cola that PepsiCo started its variegation into other nutrients and drinks. Now the company non merely sells Pepsi, its chief trade name, but besides other points like Quaker Oats, Aquafina, Tropicana, Mountain Dew and Lays. It besides had confederation with companies like Starbucks and Lipton to come out with particular java and tea.